The Strategic Dilemma of Gwadar: A Historical Perspective
Introduction
The city of Gwadar, located in Pakistan, has emerged as a crucial geopolitical hotspot due to the development of the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) and the construction of the Gwadar Port. However, its history is marked by missed opportunities and strategic blunders that have shaped its trajectory over the years.
Missed Opportunities: The Nehru Decision
In 1958, when Oman offered to sell Gwadar to India, the then Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru declined the offer. This decision has raised questions about whether India missed a significant opportunity or averted a costly venture.
Historical Significance of Gwadar
Gwadar has a rich historical significance, having been under various empires throughout history, including the Maurya Empire and Arab rule. Even the famed explorer Vasco da Gama attempted to seize Gwadar in the 16th century but failed due to the resistance from local Baloch tribes.
The Oman Connection
In 1783, Mir Noori Naseer Khan, the Khan of Kalat, gifted Gwadar to Muscat (present-day Oman). Despite agreements between Muscat and Kalat that Gwadar would be returned if the prince of Oman ascended to the throne, the promise remained unfulfilled, leading to Gwadar staying under Omani control for over two centuries.
British Rule and Independence
During the colonial era, British India controlled vast territories, including present-day Pakistan. However, Gwadar remained outside British control, as the British accepted Oman's possession of the port. After Pakistan's independence in 1947, Gwadar remained under Omani control until 1958.
Strategic Implications
The decision to decline the purchase of Gwadar in 1958 had significant strategic implications. Had India acquired Gwadar, it would have altered regional dynamics and potentially prevented Pakistan's repeated military actions against India.
Contemporary Importance
Today, Gwadar's significance has escalated due to China's investment in the CPEC and the development of Gwadar Port as a key node in China's Belt and Road Initiative. However, questions persist about the feasibility of developing Gwadar's infrastructure and its economic viability.
Conclusion
The history of Gwadar is a tale of missed opportunities and strategic miscalculations. From Vasco da Gama's failed conquest to Nehru's decision in 1958, Gwadar's fate has been shaped by the actions and inactions of various actors throughout history. As it stands today, Gwadar remains a crucial geopolitical asset, but its full potential and strategic significance are yet to be realized.
Sources : Gwadar was Offered to India but Nehru Declined it | Complete Story of Missed Opportunity
Gwadar, now Pakistan's, was offered to India in 1950s
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