Eyes in the Sky: How India's HAPS Program Boosts Surveillance

 

India's High Altitude Pseudo Satellite Program

India's Progress in Developing High Altitude Pseudo Satellites

India has taken a significant step forward in the development of the High Altitude Pseudo Satellite (HAPS) satellite technology. Recently, the UAE's Meraas Holding has partnered with India's My AeroSmith to provide technology for the HAPS platform. This collaboration aims to integrate Vedaa Aeronautics technology with Indian efforts to provide civil and military services through the HAPS platform by the first half of 2024.

Previous Endeavors in HAPS Development

While this initiative marks a substantial leap for India, it's not the nation's first foray into HAPS development. Earlier, India aimed to develop an indigenous HAPS under the AXE program, selecting NewSpace Research and Technologies, a startup under the New Space Research and Technology name. The project aimed at creating a HAPS, also known as a HAB, followed by the development of a prototype, which underwent successful testing.

Motivations behind India's HAPS Development

But why does India aspire to develop High Altitude Pseudo Satellites? This question was addressed in a session by Shuban Singh Chauhan. Various countries globally are making efforts in HAPS development, with some already having operational systems. India aims to become a leader in this field globally. HAPS offer unique advantages, combining the capabilities of drones, jets, and satellites. India's interest lies in harnessing these advantages for both civilian and military purposes.

Unique Capabilities of HAPS

Advantages Over Traditional Aircraft

• Launching conventional aircraft is relatively easier and cheaper compared to satellites.
• Aircraft can be deployed promptly and used for military purposes.

Limitations of Satellites

• Satellites orbiting in space are not detectable by radar systems of specific countries.
• Satellites require complex launch procedures and are costly to deploy.

HAPS: Bridging the Gap

• HAPS fly at high altitudes, above the reach of most radar systems, providing surveillance capabilities without detection.
• While satellites orbit in space, HAPS can be maneuvered and positioned strategically for specific surveillance needs.
• India aims to bridge the gap between aircraft and satellites, leveraging the advantages of both while overcoming their limitations.

Challenges in HAPS Development

Technical Challenges

• Developing a vehicle capable of sustained flight at high altitudes poses engineering challenges.
• Ensuring the reliability and durability of HAPS for extended missions.

Launch Vehicle Requirements

• Launching payloads to high altitudes requires specialized launch vehicles, adding complexity and cost to the project.
• Developing dedicated launch vehicles suitable for HAPS deployment is a significant undertaking.

Strategic Considerations

• Balancing the military and civilian applications of HAPS technology while addressing security concerns.
• Establishing international collaborations for technology transfer and regulatory frameworks.

Future Prospects

Despite the challenges, India's pursuit of HAPS technology signifies its ambitions in the aerospace sector. With strategic partnerships and focused research, India aims to become a global leader in HAPS development. As the technology matures, HAPS could revolutionize surveillance, communication, and reconnaissance capabilities, offering a versatile platform for various applications.